I will use this article to collect interesting tips and tricks about using the Linux cron. This is not so much about setting up a cron, but about little things I use or discovered!
What is a cron ?
The cron daemon is a long-running process that executes commands at specific dates and times. You can use this to schedule activities, either as one-time events or as recurring tasks.
What is the crontab?
For commands that need to be executed repeatedly (e.g., hourly, daily, or weekly), you can use the crontab command. The crontab command creates a crontab file containing commands and instructions for the cron daemon to execute.
Format is: MIN HOUR DOM MON DOW CMD
Minute field
Hour field
Day of month
Day of week
Command
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crontab -l # Viewing the cronjobs as currently logged in user crontab -e # Edit the cronjob for currently logged in user crontab -l -u $USER # View the cronjob for the specified user crontab -e -u $USER $ Edit the cronjob for the specified user |
Run every 5 minutes
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*/5 * * * * /home/reggaenights/script.sh |
Run yearly, monthly, weekly, daily or on reboot.
@yearly will run at 00:00 on Jan 1st for every year.
@monthly will run at 00:00 on 1st of every month.
@weekly will run at 00:00 on starting of every week.
@daily will run at 00:00 on every day.
@reboot will run after the server has been rebooted
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@yearly /home/reggaenights/script.sh @monthly /home/reggaenights/script.sh @weekly /home/reggaenights/script.sh @daily /home/reggaenights/script.sh |
TIPS
1. Send cron output via email
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*/30 * * * * /bin/bash /cleanup | /usr/bin/mail -s "Notify me" your@email.org |
2. Use a real cron for WordPress
A real cron does not rely on website activity and executes independently.
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*/30 * * * * /usr/bin/wget -q -O - https://yourwordpress.org/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron |
Do not forget to disable the virtual WordPress Cron in the wp-config.php!
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define('DISABLE_WP_CRON', true); |
3. Prevent Emails being sent, when cron executes > /dev/null 2>&1
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*/30 * * * * /usr/bin/wget -q -O - https://yourcrone.org/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron >/dev/null 2>&1 |
4. Set Standard Variables
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# Email to send output to MAILTO="a@b.com,b@b.com" # Setup your path for reuse PATH="/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" # Tells which directory the cron should execute the crontab commands from HOME="/path/to/app/root" #Set the default shell SHELL="/bin/bash" |
5. Output Redirection
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*/15 * * * * /home/reggaenights/script.sh >> /home/collect/cron/output/pipe.log 2>&1 |
TOOLS
- Crontab UI (NodeJS) – Easy way to edit your crontab visually. @Github
- Chronis ( >= PHP 7) – Chronis will help you define cron jobs using natural language / YAML and will generate the crontab files for you. @Github
- PHP Cron Expression Parser – Standard (V7) compliant crontab expression parser/validator with support for time zones. @Github
- PhpGt/Cron (PHP) – Define background jobs in standard crontab format and the Cron Runner will execute them when they are due. Jobs can be either normal scripts, or calls to static functions with automatic autoloading taken care of. @Github
- Cronicle (NodeJS) – A simple, distributed task scheduler and runner with a web based UI. @GitHub / Website
